Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE) Practice Test

Which theme of ambivalence relates to the influence of others on an individual's behavior?

1. Evaluation apprehension

2. Social influence

3. Pluralistic ignorance

4. Diffusion of responsibility

The correct answer is: Social influence

The theme of ambivalence that relates to the influence of others on an individual's behavior is social influence. This concept encompasses how individuals are affected by the opinions, actions, or presence of others, which can lead to changes in attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors. Social influence can manifest in various forms, such as conformity and peer pressure, where people may alter their actions to align with the expectations or norms set by a group. In this context, it becomes clear that the dynamics of social influence can create ambivalence, as individuals may feel torn between their personal convictions and the desire to fit in with a group or to be accepted by others. This conflict can result in a complex interplay of behaviors that reflect an individual's internal struggle with external pressures. Other options, while relevant to social psychology, do not specifically address the direct impact of others on individual behavior in the way social influence does. Evaluation apprehension pertains more to the fear of being judged by others, pluralistic ignorance refers to a misunderstanding of social norms where people mistakenly believe that their thoughts or feelings are different from those held by the majority, and diffusion of responsibility describes a situation in which individuals feel less compelled to act because they believe others will take responsibility.